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Popular Science: Elevator Accident Types and Emergency Rescue

2024-05-14

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Popular Science: Elevator Accident Types and Emergency Rescue

With the rapid development of China's economy, the number of elevators used in China has increased rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. At present, the number of elevators in my country, the annual output, and the annual growth are the first in the world, but the per capita number of elevators is still far behind that of foreign developed countries, and the demand for elevators is still huge. Elevator as a generalized means of transportation, has become an indispensable transportation equipment for high-rise buildings and public places in the city.

But the elevator is a kind of complex mechanical and electrical integration equipment, there is a certain risk of failure, once the elevator accident, it will pose a great threat to the life of the passengers.This requires elevator managers and rescuers to have sufficient understanding of the characteristics and rescue methods of elevator accidents. When an elevator accident occurs, they should deal with elevator failures in a timely and effective manner, rescue trapped people, and put the elevator in a safe state.

01 | 1

Types and general causes of elevator accidents

1.1 Trapped Accident

Trapped accident refers to the elevator failure, personnel and (or) goods trapped in the elevator car caused by the injury accident. Common forms are: the car can not stop normally, stranded between the landing station; the elevator car squatting at the bottom, the top and other phenomena. The general reasons are: the elevator in operation suddenly stops due to various faults; the elevator in normal operation suddenly stops due to power failure, etc.

1.2 shear accident

Shear accident refers to the relative movement between the elevator car and the elevator landing door, the hoistway safety door, the trap door, the relative movement of the elevator equipment body caused by personal injury and equipment damage.

Common forms are: accidents between personnel or goods at landing doors, hoistway safety doors, trap doors and moving cars; accidents between personnel during the relative movement of the top of the car and the counterweight. The general reasons are: floor and car door locks are artificially short-circuited or invalid, floor door forced door closing device fails, floor door lock mechanical lock hook fails, hoistway safety door, trap door safety switch fails, car top operator misoperation, etc.

1.3 Crush Injury Accident

Crush injury accident refers to the personal casualty accidents such as crush injury, crush injury and blow injury caused by personnel being squeezed between two objects or personnel themselves squeezing each other.Common shapeThere are:Escalators or moving sidewalks used in public places are accidentally blocked at the exit during the rush hour, and the equipment is still in operation, causing accidents of squeezing and crushing between personnel. The failure of the elevator in use causes passengers to be trapped in the car, and the passengers pull the car door to escape from the gap between the car wall and the elevator shaft wall without authorization. When personnel normally enter the elevator car, crush accident caused by failure of elevator door opening and closing safety device. The general reasons are: elevator door safety device (safety touch plate, photoelectric switch, light curtain protection, etc.) work failure, car door mechanical locking device failure.

1.4 Falling Accident

Falling accidents mainly refer to casualties and equipment damage caused by personnel falling down the elevator shaft or car falling.

Common forms are:Strayed into the hoistway from the elevator landing door; The operator fell into the hoistway from the safety door and trap door of the hoistway; The operator fell into the hoistway from the top of the car; The elevator car fell to the bottom caused by the fracture of the traction wire rope, overspeed and other reasons. The general reasons are: failure to use the special triangular key for elevators as required; The elevator opens the door and runs; Elevator installation and maintenance personnel violate the safety operation regulations; Traction wire rope fracture, speed limiter-safety gear failure, etc.

1.5 impact accident

An impact accident is a personal injury or death accident caused by a collision between an object and a building or a person.Common forms are:Due to overspeed or other reasons, the elevator car rushed to the top, the car collided with the top of the hoistway, resulting in casualties of passengers in the car or damage of goods; In the process of elevator installation, the operation personnel in the hoistway were hit by falling objects. The general reasons are: the elevator overspeed out of control; the brake work failure; the balance coefficient does not meet the requirements; the elevator installation personnel violate the operation safety operation procedures, etc.

1.6 electric shock accident

An electric shock accident refers to an electric shock casualty accident that occurs when a person directly or indirectly contacts a charged body.

Common forms are:Electric shock accidents occur when personnel use the elevator; electric shock accidents occur when operators install, repair and maintain the elevator. The general reasons are: the elevator landing door is not grounded or poorly grounded, and the electric contact leakage of the door lock causes the user to get electric shock when contacting the landing door; The metal shell of electrical equipment is not grounded or poorly grounded; The operator violates the operation regulations and works with live.

1.7 fire accident

Fire accident refers to the accident of casualties and equipment damage caused by the loss of electricity or emergency stop of the elevator caused by the combustion of electrical equipment and combustible materials on site.Common forms are:The fire of electrical equipment causes power loss and sudden stop of the ladder; the fire alarm system is triggered by the fire of the workshop, and the elevator enters the fire mode to stop the ladder. The general reasons are: the elevator electrical equipment circuit aging, short circuit, fault and other reasons caused by local high temperature caused by combustion; plant fire spread to the elevator area.

1.8 flooding accident

Flooding accident refers to the elevator structure, metal structure, electrical equipment by rain or process fluid wet, immersion, corrosion caused by equipment damage accident.Common forms are:The electrical equipment in the machine room is wet with water; the control cabinet is wet with water; the water in the bottom pit soaks the electrical components, etc. The general reasons are: the elevator machine room is flooded with water due to leakage of roof or doors and windows; The fire pipe or process pipe near the elevator leaks or ruptures, the fire water or process fluid is injected into the elevator control cabinet, or flows into the pit through the hoistway for accumulation, etc.

1.9 earthquake accident

Earthquake accident refers to the accident of personal injury and equipment damage caused by the damage of metal structure or power failure of elevator in the event of earthquake.Common forms are:The car shakes seriously and cannot stop normally; the elevator structure or metal structure is deformed. The general reasons are: the earthquake leads to power failure, or damage to the well structure and guide rail and other metal structures.

02 | II

Emergency rescue of elevator accident

Basic principles of 2.1 emergency rescue

People-oriented, safety first. In the event of an elevator accident, if someone is trapped, first of all, ensure the personal safety of the trapped person and take measures to minimize the casualties and hazards that may be caused by the elevator accident. Quick response, collaborative response. In the event of an elevator accident, rescuers should rush to the scene within 30 minutes, and under the command of the elevator safety administrator, they should act in a unified manner and carry out rescue operations in an orderly manner.

2.2 elevator accident reporting method

2.2.1 Contents of report after accident

Any person who finds an elevator accident should report it in time. The report mainly includes the following contents.

(1) Accident location: specific location, accident elevator equipment code, etc.

(2) On-site accident overview and casualties: explain the type of elevator accident or abnormal situation of elevator, and highlight whether there are casualties, trapped or equipment damage.

(3) Possible rescue: Immediate medical first aid is required for the injured.

(4) Name and contact information of the reporter: his own name and contact information.

2.2.2 Report process after accident

(1) After an elevator accident, people found or trapped should press the emergency call button inside the elevator or dial the emergency phone at the first time, get in touch with the duty room or monitoring room, and wait for rescue.

(2) If the emergency call is invalid, call the property or elevator management department or maintenance unit immediately to report the situation and wait for rescue.

(3) If the above methods are invalid, call 96333, 110, 119 and other public rescue calls to report clearly and wait for rescue.

2.3 Elevator Accident Site Disposal Scheme

2.3.1 On-site Disposal of Trapped Person Accident

(1) Rescue preparation

After arriving at the scene, rescue workers should first place warning signs and comfort passengers in front of each floor, stabilize passengers' psychology and mood, and obtain relevant rescue information through inquiry.

Determine the approximate position of the car. When the trapped passengers can not tell the car parking position, rescue personnel can use the following methods to determine the approximate position of the car:

① The position of the car is confirmed by the control panel of the machine room or the call board of the landing.

② When there is no floor indication (the car position indicator cannot indicate during power failure), a special key can be used to carefully open any floor door for 10cm (not fully opened), and then flashlight can be used to illuminate the hoistway to confirm the car position; Or knock on the door layer by layer to shout to confirm the approximate position of the car.

③ Use the traction rope floor mark to judge the approximate position of the car: according to the traction rope floor mark map posted in the machine room, compare the mark on the traction rope to judge the approximate position of the car.

(2) Basic principles of rescue method selection

During on-site rescue, the basic principles for selecting the priority of rescue methods are:

A, give priority to the elevator to resume normal operation, automatic release.

B, the nearest floor directly with the triangle key to open the landing door to rescue passengers. (The distance difference between car sill and hall door sill is ± 50cm)

C, secondly, switch the elevator to the emergency operation for maintenance in the control cabinet, and run to the nearest horizontal floor for release.

D, again, if the elevator power failure, must disconnect the main power switch, the use of turning gear release.

E, the most second, after controlling the elevator, release people from the safety window.

(3) Rescue implementation measures

In the whole rescue process, we should constantly tell the passengers the measures being taken, the corresponding changes that will occur in the elevator, the matters that passengers need to pay attention to, require passengers to always keep a certain distance from the car door, do not lean on the elevator car door, prevent the car door suddenly open, and tell the passengers not to press any button without command.

1) Method a: Restore the elevator to normal operation.

Elevator maintenance personnel in the machine room or control cabinet for rapid diagnosis and inspection:

Check whether the power supply has electricity and whether the voltage is normal;

② Check whether the overload protection operates;

③ Check whether the contactor is connected;

④ Check whether the safety circuit is closed.

Maintenance personnel quickly find and solve the fault, so that the elevator back to normal operation, to ensure that passengers out of the car safely.

2) Method B: Open the landing door to the nearest floor to rescue passengers.

① Confirm that the distance difference between car sill and hall door sill is ± 50cm.

② Cut off the main power switch of the elevator and lock out the tag.

③ Open the elevator landing door and car door with the landing door unlocking key.

④ Dredge and help passengers to leave the car to prevent passengers from causing riots due to panic.

⑤ Re-close the elevator landing door and car door.

3) Method c: Switch the elevator to the maintenance emergency operation.

① First confirm whether the speed limiter and the rope clamp have any action.

Switch the elevator operation mode to the maintenance emergency operation in the control cabinet, and test whether the emergency operation can be performed. In order to realize the emergency operation of the elevator, some safety switches that can be short-circuited are: upper and lower limit, safety gear, speed limiter, rope clamp, car and counterweight buffer.

③ After the emergency operation is realized, run the elevator to the nearest flat floor, and rescue personnel use the landing door unlocking key to open the elevator landing door and car door.

4) Method d: Release by turning wheel.

① Confirm whether all doors have been closed through the door lock indicator of the elevator main board. If the indicator light is on, it means that the door lock electrical switch is on and the corresponding door is closed; if there is no electricity or the door lock indicator light is not on, you must go to the site to confirm whether all doors are closed. Make sure that all doors are closed before turning gear.

③ One person installs the manual wheel on the motor shaft and grasps it with both hands; the other person installs the brake release wrench on the brake release device of the brake.

④ Slowly apply pressure on the horizontal arm of the brake wrench, open the brake, and slowly move the car. If the car cannot move at this time, the operation should be stopped immediately.

⑤ Once it is confirmed that the car can move safely, slowly increase the moving distance, and use the release wrench to move the car 10cm at a time until the car reaches the nearest floor level.

⑥ Rescue personnel use the landing door unlocking key to open the elevator landing door and car door.

⑦ Dredge and help passengers to leave the car to prevent passengers from causing riots due to panic.

⑧ Re-close the elevator landing door and car door.

(4) Elevator disposal after rescue

Elevator safety management personnel organize maintenance personnel to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the elevator. Before the elevator troubleshooting, relevant signs prohibiting the use of the elevator should be set at each floor door until the elevator troubleshooting resumes use.

2.3.2 On-site disposal of shear accidents, crush accidents, falling accidents, impact accidents and electric shock accidents

In case of any casualty in the event of shearing accident, squeezing injury accident, falling accident, impact accident and electric shock accident of the elevator, the first aid response to the wounded shall be carried out immediately. After receiving the notice, the elevator safety administrator shall immediately rush to the scene together with the elevator maintenance personnel to provide support and protect the scene.

If the accident does not cause casualties (equipment damage), the elevator safety administrator and elevator maintenance personnel rushed to the scene, should first place warning signs in front of each floor, prohibit the use of elevators. Then organize maintenance personnel to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the elevator to eliminate the hidden dangers of the elevator accident before it can be put into use again.

2.3.3 Fire accident site disposal

Elevators generally have a fire linkage function. When a fire occurs, the elevator will automatically run to the floor without fire according to the location of the fire, and then keep the car door and landing door open, and passengers can escape from the car.

If the fire causes the elevator to lose power and then causes the accident of trapped people, the elevator safety manager shall, after receiving the notice, rush to the scene immediately together with the elevator maintenance personnel, and carry out rescue according to the scene rescue plan of 2.3.1 trapped people accident under the condition of ensuring his own safety.

2.3.4 Flooding Accident Site Disposal

After the elevator safety manager and maintenance personnel rush to the scene, they should immediately check the water inflow. If the elevator machine room water, the elevator should be immediately shut down, cut off all power into the elevator machine room, and timely treatment of water leakage.

If water runs between floors, the water will enter the hoistway from the elevator landing door, damaging the door lock mechanism of the landing door or causing short circuit of the line, resulting in water accumulation in the elevator shaft or bottom pit. At this time, the elevator car should be stopped at the upper two floors of the water intake floor immediately, and the main power supply should be cut off to find out the cause of water running and cut off the source. In the on-site disposal, attention should be paid to protect the electrical equipment in the machine room, the car roof and the car from water, such as the control cabinet, maintenance switch, limit switch, door motor, door lock contact, fan and lighting equipment, and take protective measures when necessary. For the accumulated water in the water inlet part and bottom pit of the elevator, water removal and dehumidification treatment shall be carried out in time. After the treatment is completed, the elevator shall be comprehensively inspected, and the hidden danger of elevator safety shall be eliminated before it can be put into use again.

2.3.5 Earthquake Accident Site Disposal

When an earthquake occurs at the scene, the elevator safety administrator and maintenance personnel should rush to the scene immediately to stop the elevator and cut off the total power supply while ensuring their own safety. After confirming that the earthquake has stopped, the elevator shall be fully inspected to eliminate the hidden danger of elevator safety before it can be put into use again.

The safety requirements of special equipment are higher than those of general equipment, and once an accident occurs, it will bring great losses to people's lives and property. The widespread use of elevators brings convenience to people's travel, but also brings a certain threat to people's personal safety. Due to the lack of passenger safety awareness and the lack of publicity of elevator safety knowledge and the unreasonable emergency rescue, when an elevator accident occurs, it often leads to more serious accident consequences due to the error of crisis response and blind rescue. This paper comprehensively summarizes the various types of elevator accidents and emergency rescue methods, provides guidance for elevator passengers and emergency rescuers, improves the level of emergency rescue of elevator accidents, and minimizes the loss and impact caused by elevator accidents.

Article Source: Network

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